![]() I do not intend to defend capitalism or capitalists. These, Mussolini said, "we have put at the head of our program." But in power he did none of these things. The original program included a demand for confiscation of war profits, confiscation of certain church property, heavy inheritance and income taxes, nationalization of arms and munitions plants, and control of factories, railroads, and public services by workers' councils. He had been a syndicalist and hence anticapitalist. Behold now the erection of the great Fascist edifice.ฤก. Mussolini, being in pursuit of power, made that objective the mold by which his policies were formed. ![]() Therefore we cannot define Fascism as a movement committed to the collection of principles enunciated in its formal proclamation of principles and objectives-the Eleven Points of San Sepolcro. It was improvised as the movement went along. ![]() Whether it was capitalist or anticapitalist, labor or antilabor, no one could say until the leaders themselves decided upon a course of action. But socialism as a system of social structure with an organized body of doctrine was well understood. Socialists disagreed among themselves on certain points and upon programs of action. Socialism has a definite philosophy, based upon clearly enunciated principles which had long been debated and were widely understood. First we must note one important difference between Communism and Fascism which becomes clear here. We will now see the elements of the fascist society emerge-point by point. But the full dictatorship did not come until 1925, after the assassination of Matteoti. Mussolini, of course, began to move toward dictatorship. Some liberal politicians saw the hope of a stable government and the General Confederation of Labor (socialist) agreed to collaborate. He had to form a coalition cabinet which included a moderate socialist and a member of the Popolari. He did not have a majority in parliament. Our business is to see the use he made of his power to fashion a new form of society. With the innumerable arguments about the march on Rome or with the story of the violent, lawless, and outrageous tactics he used to come to power we are not concerned here. Mussolini became premier in October 1922.
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